What does an atom look like?

Question:

rutherford's atom, and that of Bohr's does not satisfy experiments. the QM model says that we can only talk of probability of finding an electron at a perticular place.
the electron is in a state described by 4 quantum numbers.
BUT HOW DOES THIS ATOM LOOK LIKE???

Answer1:

One must imagine a statistical distribution of electrons only.

Answer2:

And a statistical distribution, should give a cloudy kind of perception, where the probablity of of finding the electron is more where the density of this cloud is more...

Answer3:

one thing that i would like to add in above discussion is that.
if u imagine a single atom then probability of finding an electron in infinity is there. but we take radius of atom as 90% probability of finding electron near to nucleus away from that we neglect it.

Answer4:

if electrons are statistically distributed, then why dont they fall towards the nucelus.
if they dont move, they shall fall, if they do, then also they shall fall(by losing enrgy)
tell me if the electrons are moving or not

Answer5:

Electrons in atoms have discrete levels of energy, that's why "they don't fall" (in quotes because you can't really talk about the trajectory of an electron).

And for some orbitals there is a non-zero probability of the electron to be inside the nucleus, and that is responsable, for instance, for the hyperfine splitting.

The hyperfine splitting in the hydrogen spectra has important applications in astrophysics: Tully and Fisher used the broadening of this absorption line to measure the rotation velocity of galaxies, and hence its mass, that are too far away to be measured by primary distance indicators.

It's also widely used in atomic clocks... I think, but I may be wrong, that the most modern definition of the second uses an hyperfine transition of the cesium-133.

People also use t to separate isotopes and a bunch of other stuff that I have no idea. The important message is that it's important, in some sense, the fact that the electron can be inside the nucleus with non-zero probability.

You simply can't think in classical terms, that's where your doubt comes from.

Answer6:

The electrons don't fall into nucleus due to uncertainty principle.The uncertainty principle forces every system to a minimum level.No energy level below the ground state exists

which is right answer?

A doubt in Special Relativity

I was reading a introductory text on Special Relativity. It said somthing about Space time which I couldn't logically suffice.
For space time interval, we have the relationaship :

s^2 = (x^2)+(y^2)+(z^2)+(ict)^2.

If this is the case, then, if something would have just stood where it is, and would have travelled only through time, the space time interval in travells would have shortened (as i^2=(-1) ) with passage of time. Should it not have increased with passing time, logically?

Another thing - How in the holy heaven did Einstein ever imagine that speed of light is independent? He certainly didn;t know about michaelson experiment when he came to this conclusion. Was it by Maxwell Equations (that speed of light depends only on permittivity & permeablity of medium)? If it was, then why didn't somone see that very obvious thing for decades?

Falling water always looks WHITE, why?

Question:

Falling water always looks WHITE,why?

Answer1:

i think its due to the phenomenon of scattering of light due to water molecules.

Answer2:

i think it might be due to lather so thats why it is white

Answer3:

See in case of falling water, there are impurities in far greater amounts than the concentration of water molecules themselves. and these impurity molecules generally after scattering normally gives out white colour.Water molecules also scatter light no doubt, but impurity atoms generally dominating and with Rayleigh's criterion we observe water to be white.

Answer4:

what if we consider pure water like BISLERY ????i mean u wanna to say that its becoz of impurities ,bt i think that its t case in case of pure water too.

Answer5:

in case of pure water, theoretically EXTREMELY PURE WATER should appear blue and thats how it is in case of pure mountain water.

Answer6:

u can think of it analogus to fibre optics of paper going transparent when soaked in oil and otherwise white
well to be prescise when water is falling the roplets are running here n there so the distribution of refractive indexes is non-uniform
and where tranparent molecules have refraative index n are distribulted non uniformly
the thing look white best eg is paper made of cellulose which is otherwise transpaerent but paper is white
in case of falling water somehere there is water droplet in somewhere air molecules so momentraly u get a situation where u see the water white
this is why instead if u make the water fall slowly it falls with uniform distribution and remains transparent

which answer is correct?

Why No Insulated Covering on Overhead wires running through the poles on the streets?

Question:

Our household wires all have insulated covering, using rubber, plastic or whatever it is. But the overhead wires running through the poles on the streets do not have any insulated covering. Explain.

Answer1:

It could be a way to save the finances, i guess

Answer2:

Reducing cost and reducing Electrostatic and magnetic coupling.

Answer3:

It's quite unlikely that someone would go up to a height of approximately 25 feet just to touch the wires. Moreover, if anyone touches the wires one would not complete the circuit. So there is least use of insulation.
While repairing, electrical supply is switched off.

Answer4:

The Great Transmission Line Theory

1. The wires running overhead do not have any insulating covering, ya it's absolutely true because in actual they don't need that.

2.Though the voltage carried by them is 230V to 4000V(in HV system), the separation is enough to produce very high impedance in order to avoid any coupling, also as someone said earlier the probability to someone touch that wire is also low.

3.Almost all such wires are made up of Aluminium, the conductor is having property of expansion, now if we put any insulator like Bakelite it may crack due to the expansion.
using rubber may solve the problem but then, the rubber too become hard due to prolong exposure to sunlight.

4. All connections made over such wires are just by warping another wire over them, as in Indian villages, so everytime removing that insulation will not be feasible.

5. Finally to conclude I would like to add... Addition of insulation does not add to the quality of transmission, ya it may prevent energy theft to certain point but the capital cost will be more than that. so the overhead transmission lines are normally not coated with insulation, but as in some crowded places they do cover them with pipes, or some insulation to avoid accidents.

Do You Agree?

cancelling numerator and denominator!!!

When calculating 1/3, we get .33333333333..... likewise, when we calculate 3/1, we get 3. but wat is 1/3*3/1?? usually we cancel the 3s in the numerator and denominator and the answer is one. but actual calculation gives 1/3*3/1=.3333333.....*3=.99999999.. so how far r we accurate in findin this?? is cancellation of common numerator and denominator accurate??

Respovse1:

cancellation of common numerator n denominator is applicable for any non-zero number and this will always give the exact solution.

Response2:

0.333333.... and 0.999999...
both are infinite GP series .... take the limit of sum and you shall get the same values ..namely ..... 1/3 and 1

What Is Your Response??

Toss a coin in the moving train

Question:

Toss a coin in the moving train.... does it fall in your hand back...?

Answers:

1.most probably no because ven train is moving ur position cahnges n the path of coin is parabolic n with respect to ur position it falls at the pt where u actually had been at the time of throwin the coin 

its basically a relativity question . ur relative position changes bt coin has a tendency to fall down straight

2.well the coin already have the x component of vilocity 
i.e vilocity of coin in x direction = vilocity of the train 

well just think of this small case when ur going to stadium to play cricket
while on the street ur tossing the cricket ball a lil up and catch it as u walk
u defnately just gave the ball its y component 
its x component was already the vilocity of ur walk

now think of another case while u go in ur car on a highway 
after having a can of soft/hard drink u throw it out of the window 
u see the can falls straight 
but no wrt to earth its parabolic it was straight wrt to u ... 
(u can notice this effect better if u can do it from a helicoptor)

so for every single mm u moved ahead it followed u 
u would see diffrent result if u suddenly apply break 
u will reamin at ur postion while the can will drop ahead of u


so the moral of the story is if train is moving on a smooth track u wud defenately catch the coin back 

acc to observer on earth the path of coin will be parabolic

acc to observer on train the path of coin will be straight

3.it depends on the velocity of da train . 

wen train is moving wid uniform velocity ,it falls back into hand .
'" "" " wid acceleration , it falls behind him . 
" " " wid decelration , it falls in front of him.

4.ya always...because here the train is the reference frame and you and your coin is in rest with respect to this frame

exceptions will take place if the train suddenly starts accelerating or deccelerating while the coin has alredy been tossed and its in air due to inertia

am i not correct?? close your eyes and just think virtuall as if u are on the train this practicehelps a lot in tackeling mechanics

5. Ummmmmm...... There can be three cases.... I assume that the condition is ideal... Then the three case can be.

(i) When the train is in Uniform motion, the coin will return to his hands.
(ii) When the train is moving with a unform accelration, the ball will fall behind him.
(iii) When the train is moving with a uniform retardation, the ball will fall in front of him.


Note : All the cases assume that u r facing the direction in which the train is moving.

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